
INTRODUCTION
Does anarchism need
feminism? If feminism is, indeed, the same as women's liberation, then it most
certainly does, if only because, in this case, consistent anarchism would
already include feminism. But this equation is open to question. One need only
consider Emma Goldman, passionate anarchist proponent of women's liberation who
rejected the feminism of her time (though current feminists claim her as one of
their own, often to the exclusion of her anarchist perspective), because she
considered it incapable of carrying its project forward to total liberation. [On the Anarchism and Women's Liberation page
found at www.geocities.com/Paris/2159/anrfem.html
it is put this way: "Interesting enough Emma Goldman and many of the
Spanish women anarchists were quite hostile to being described ‘feminists’. To
them feminism meant the struggle of middle class women to be equal with middle
class men, while to them women's liberation entailed the struggle of men and
women for a freer society for all."] Undoubtedly, early feminist theory
and practice broke open the doors for questioning the role of women and the
nature of gender that is a necessary part of any revolutionary struggle, but
already in Emma Goldman's time its first wave had become trapped in the cul de sac of rights and lacked any
revolutionary vigor. The role it played in the development of Bakunin's
arguments that the struggle against the general slavery of this society could
only succeed if it specifically dealt with the enslavement of women in the
family and in society, in the growth of the largely anarchist 19th century free
love movement (which, unlike the "free love" movement of the 1960's,
developed largely as an attempt to fight against patriarchy and the inequality
of women as imposed by the family) and in other anarchist explorations of
gender relations aimed at ending domination in this sphere of life, is worthy
of examination, but with a critical exploration of why revolutionary women like
Emma Goldman and many of the anarchist and revolutionary women of Spain felt
compelled to reject the "feminist" label in the name of their own
liberation.
Of course one should not
confuse the "new feminism" (neofeminism as Annie LeBrun calls it)
that began to emerge in this country in the 1960's, a few years after it
appeared in Europe, with the feminism of Emma's time. If anything,
"neo-feminism" is less liberatory, more repressive and more
monolithic than that with which Emma had to deal.
It has been and will be
pointed out to me that there are many feminisms (a claim that might be more
convincing if' the monolithic language of universal sisterhood was not thrown
about so consistently). The evidence for this is the variety of opinions expressed
in feminist writings. A variety of opinions
indeed. But within the framework of democracy, a far broader range of
opinions is expressed. This does not change the fact that the democratic state
is a repressive monolith.
Not that there is a feminist
state (though state feminists are
plentiful), but it is necessary to realize that since opinions are separate
from lived practice, the existence of many within a movement offers no
guarantee against a monolithic practice. Coherence is not a prerequisite for ideological
and totalitarian thinking. In fact, often quite the opposite: a babble of
voices unites to form a deafening white noise that drowns out real difference.
Furthermore, one does not determine whether a movement is liberating based upon its words, but upon its practice. Has this practice opened and expanded possibilities? Has it broadened horizons and provided the opportunity for individuals to take back their lives? Or has it added to the repressive, debilitating atmosphere that polices and immiserates our existence? The current resurgence of feminism [I am speaking of that resurgence which began in the 1950's and 60's. I recognize that new movements and ideas (particularly those relating to transgender movements) have had some effect on feminism, but since this has usually simply been inserted with little if any serious questioning of the general practice of "neo-feminism", I think that it is an act of self-deception and an avoidance of critique to claim these mainly cosmetic glosses constitute an "third wave" of feminism as some have said.] now has a history of several decades that can be easily examined.
Unless one considers an
increasing percentage of woman cops, judges, CEO's and politicians to be
liberation, feminism has not opened any possibilities outside of the framework
of domination and exploitation. It has only expanded the ways in which women
can participate in dominating or being dominated, exploiting or being
exploited. And this is not because it has failed, but because its practice,
like that of every partial liberation struggle has been aimed precisely at this
goal.
But this basically
bourgeois, democratic practice is not the totality of feminist practice. It's
true nature is indicated even more clearly by the alliances made by the likes of
Andrea Dworkin with right-wing fundamentalists with the aim of promoting rigid,
puritanical anti-pornography legislation or in Susan Brownmiller's claim that
when 50% of all police forces are women, that will constitute a revolutionary
achievement. The decades of neo-feminist practice have, in fact, largely
centered around promoting laws to protect women from the threats that the
feminist ideologues perceive as surrounding women on all sides and claiming
their piece of power in the current order, in other words, demanding protection
from the very power structures that they claim are patriarchal and claiming a
share of that same power. I would hardly call this project of increasing state
power and intrusion into people's personal lives in the name of women's rights
a project of liberation for anyone.
If anarcha-feminists have
avoided such disgusting displays of political assimilationism, it is because
they are anarchists not because they
are feminists. [This is true, because feminism, in itself, is not a revolutionary movement. Like all
partial liberation struggles, it can and generally does remain in the realm of
demands and thus of rights - precisely
of assimilation. Anarchism, on the other hand, starts from a challenge to the
entire social order and, thus, cannot be assimilated. It makes no demands, but
rather acts to destroy all domination. At its best, anarcha-feminism would be
the specific application of anarchist principles - including the rejection of
the methodology of demands and rights - to the liberation of women. But far
more often, anarcha-feminists simply apply the methodology of demands and
rights in anarchist circles.] Their anarchism constrains them to develop their
feminist practice without the mediation of big papa state. But all to often this
means that they just turn directly to the males in the anarchist movement to
demand that we guarantee them the space to speak and to act, once again
calling upon those who they claim are their oppressors to liberate them rather
than acting to liberate themselves. This sort of practice guarantees the
practical continuation of male domination, because in demanding that men grant
and guarantee their freedom, they leave the practical definition of that
freedom in men's hands. In addition, anarcha-feminists often demand that their
male comrades go through a perpetual process of self-examination in order to
guarantee that they root out all "sexist" behavior-a concept that
comes to mean anything that offends the sensibilities of a feminist woman. This
fundamentally censorious demand can expand to the point where all bawdy humor
and playful flirtation comes to be defined as sexist behavior. Dworkin's neopuritanism
is not so far away. Again it is difficult to see where the liberation is in
this practice which seems to offer only a new form of dependence to women and
perpetual guilt and enervating circumspection for men. And for everyone an
impoverishment of relationships.
The apotheosis of this call
on men to guarantee women's "freedom" is found in the call, expressed
once directly to me, that if we act to create a revolutionary break, we must
"take the responsibility" of guaranteeing the safety of women,
children and old people during this revolution. Coming from an anarchafeminist,
this demand is less condescending -than it is selfdenigrating with its
implication that only men participate in revolutionary struggle.
Of course, a small number of
feminists have moved beyond such an impoverished practice, but the history of
the feminist movement of the last fifty years leads one to wonder whether
feminism as such played a significant role in this. The women of Mujeres
Creando, an anarcha-feminist group in Bolivia, played a significant part in the
struggle of small debtors in Bolivia in 2001 and surely continue to play a
significant role in the struggle against domination and exploitation there. As
women in a nonwestern country, it is quite possible that their anarcha-feminism
is qualitatively different from the Euro-american version known to me and to
Annie Lebrun. Pat Califia has also provided a very different way of perceiving
liberation than that promoted by most other feminists-but this is because she
is a "sexual outlaw"-an individual whose sexual singularity does not
fit anyone's attempts to confine and define it-and this moves her on a
practical level beyond the limits of feminism. Of course, like all heretics and
strong individuals, she is frequently severely castigated by the orthodoxy of '
feminism. Nonetheless, though they have gone beyond the limits of victimism and
censorious political correctitude that marks most current feminism, [The
question also arises here of using some of the analyses made by feminists as a
tool for one's struggle. Just as among the multitude of voices that make up
primitivism or marxism, one may find a few tones useful in the struggle for
total liberation, a few tools to use for one's own projects, so too one may
find such useful tools in the ideological cacophony of feminism. There is no
reason not to use such tools, but one does not, for this reason, become a
primitivist or a marxist or a feminist, but rather an individual taking up every tool useful in her or his
struggle for liberation.] these women choose to identify as feminists.
If, among the chattering
that blends to create the ideological white noise of neo-feminism, there are a
few (or even many) voices that proclaim the necessity of moving beyond gender,
self-identification as victim and political correctitude, the practice of
feminism described above indicates that it may not be capable of doing so. Some
feminist theorists may write that women are made and not born, that gender is
an artificial social category, but this does not prevent them from equating the
wealthy bourgeois French maoist-feminist intellectual with the clitorectimized
woman of Somalia (who will most likely voluntarily clitorectimize a young girl
herself in her later life because that is what her culture demands), uniting
them it a universal sisterhood, a
shared (but not essentialized!) feminine condition. (I will not go into the
various class, racial and other social realities that also undermine
"universal sisterhood".)
It is in this light that the
demand that men make themselves "allies of women"-as if women
constitute a single entity with unified desires, needs and aims-must be
understood. It is quite true that I am not an "ally of women", just
as I am not an "ally of men". In fact, I don't seek alliance with anyone, but rather
comradeship in struggle. Comradeship can only . occur in freedom on the basis
of mutuality. It cannot be based on debt or obligation, or it will cease to be
comradeship and will become a relationship of domination, the enslavement of
one party to the interests of the other. The relationships I make are never
with categories, but with individuals, specific people with whom I share an
affinity, a mutuality of aims and desires. Those who think I owe them
something, those who charge me with the wrongs of a category which I defy in
the name of a category with which they identify, will never be my comrades. But
in those who defy all social categories in the name of their individuality,
those who rise up against all domination and, therefore, also male domination,
those who struggle to break down all limits and open all possibilities rather than
demanding more limits on those they fear, I find my comrades, those whose
struggle is my own, whether they consider themselves feminist or not. Thus,
women like Florence Rey who, with her companion, Audry Maupin, sought to make
her life her own in defiance of all laws are my comrades. And also women who,
like Annie LeBrun, rebelliously defy the limits of being made a woman, whether
in terms of the femininity imposed by the dominant society or in terms of the
sisterhood imposed by the feminist priestesshood.
In light of the recognition
of this mutual desire to defy all domination-including that of oppositional
ideology-and destroy all the categories and institutions that limit the
expansion of individuality, in light of this comradeship in struggle against the
world of alienation and domination, impoverished passions and relationships and
immiserated, deformed sexuality, I choose to reprint this essay by Annie LeBrun
exposing the constricting, totalitarian ideological underpinnings of modern
feminism. Is feminism the same as women's liberation? Not if this liberation is
the expansion of possibilities for women as
individuals beyond all the constraints imposed by this society, an
expansion that can only occur in the context of the expansion of possibilities
for all dominated people, which is to say in the context of our insurgent
reappropriation of our lives as our own. And if feminism is not the same as
women's liberation, anarchism, in its struggle against all domination, has no
need for feminism just for women like Emma Goldman, Florence Rey or Annie
LeBrun who refuse to be dominated.
by
Annie LeBrun
For if I had known Latin when I was 18, 1 would be emperor. -Arthur
Cravan
There are geographical slips
which do not forgive: the headquarters of Des
Femmes [A feminist publishing company-translator's
note] bookshop in Paris
is located on the rue des Saints-Peres (Street of the Holy Fathers).
A sign of the times, a sign
of the climate, little wrinkles cause big ruts. One of the biggest ruts of the present
era, which neofeminism is making the effort to dig with an empire builder's
frenzy, is the claim of an absolute feminine
specificity. And to make us bear witness to the existence of an important
current, industrious intellectuals are busy widening this rut into which
blind-and blinding-misery does not fail to throw itself. From there it should
be sufficient to brandish the kaleidoscope of misery, until the bits of painful
reality find a place in the comforting clarity of an illusory landscape: on the
pretext that masculine infamy chased it away, feminine "naturalness"
makes a galloping return, all the more rapid since it is whipped along by a
cohort of intrepid Amazons who are short on ideas and long of tooth. A
discipline as thankless as it is fruitful, carried out by means of a
neo-feminist agitprop that shrinks from nothing to apply make-up to the
recurring specificity of the totalitarian discourse it proclaims as the
specificity of the feminine word.
To start with, this
professional revolutionaries have it easy, so desirable is it to substitute the
coherence of the artifice for the incoherence of a miserable life.
Hasn't the holy alliance of
misery and femininity lasted too long for women not to be tempted by everything
which might seem to be working towards its destruction even from very far away?
And this is where the unexpected good fortune of neofeminist activism resides:
it is most convenient to oppose the murky realm of a most suspect feminine
"naturalness" to the misery of feminine destiny which has been taken
for granted, since this realm can be played in an undefined manner in order to
outplay any attempt to clarify it. This is where the gigogne ["Gigogne" refers to objects
that fit one inside the other, which seems to me to be the structure of
feminist discourse, which always refers back to something that more or less
implicitly includes it.] structure that is specific to neo-feminist discourse
is derived; it is simply a question of a specifically feminine ruse in the
sense that generation after generation of women have had to have recourse to in
their slavery: when you believe that I'm here, I'm elsewhere; when you believe
that I'm elsewhere, I'm here. Without losing sight of the fact that this
technique of systematically slipping away has contributed greatly to lending
credibility to the hoax of feminine mystery, I wonder what women hope for from
an army of liberators who use it to such an extent that they trap the feminist
idea under the glue of this "naturalness", which is, of course, inexpressible.
It is no longer a question of a leap, of taking flight, much less of a
departure. The women we have loved, sovereign and lost, faint in the fur of
their solitude once again.
Claire Demar, Natalie
Barney, Virginia Woolf, you are not so dissimilar, since you are equally
strangers to those who claim to be your sisters. Once again, the space which
you were obliged to conquer in order to invent your lives has been closed off
to you. They want to drag you where you would never go. The hour of the little
neo-feminist world is stuck at ground level on an organic clock which, in spite
of its outrageously visceral material, is built on the same model as those by
means of which, here and there, attempts are still being made to convince us
that zero is equivalent to infinity.
But let us judge from the
following "reflection" on feminine specificity, a
"reflection" in the optical sense of the term, since it compellingly
evokes that prison of deforming mirrors in which femininity is in the process
of becoming trapped:
"Does something that
could be called a ‘specificity’ of the feminine way of looking at things exist?
Yes, in the sense that women look with their own eyes, whereas too often men no
longer know how to look with their eyes, and only see the images they are
permitted to view on all kinds of ‘screens’ [Anne Ophir, Regards feminins, p.237]
... But even though this man is very conveniently declared blind in order to
convince us that women are privileged, for their part, to have eyes in their
sockets, the author nonetheless has the kindness to consent to allow him a
trace of existence through the misfortune of masculine discourse, which is
entirely contained in the following formula: "I yell that I know,
therefore I am". [ibid., p.238] But this is still too much, since we learn
that this unfortunate man "puts forth words in the same way he does
gestures, mechanically, like on an assembly line, - no longer
comprehending". [ibid., p. 7] Thus, while men talk and talk and talk,
women feel, women live and women see. If I've understood correctly, feminine
specificity as a world of sensation, rhythm and silence, is therefore
implicitly founded upon refusing not just masculine discourse, but all
discourse since it is all masculine.
And this is where
neo-feminism bites its clitoris: how would feminine discourse escape the
general misery of discourse by being enunciated by women? And it is here that
the final link of the totalitarian chain falls into place, slowly strangling
life until all that remains of it is a murmur that is easily rhetorically
tamed. Besides, one only has to pay attention to the diverse sampling of
orchestrated noise with imperialist goals which the tiniest neo-feminist
bibliography furnishes us: here are the Language
Stealers (Voleuses de langue, Claudine Herrmann), spotless Talkers (Parleuses, Marguerite Duras,
Xaviere Gautier) who are shouting themselves hoarse Speaking our Sexualities (Dire nos sexualites, Xaviere Herrmann); In Other Words (Autrement dit, Annie
Leclerc, Maria Cardinal), of course, but desperately out of Breath (Souffles, Helene Cixous), such
is this Woman 's Word (Parole de Femme, Annie
Leclerc) that is prisoner of its own echoes: Words ... Turn (Paroles ... elles tournent, des femmes de
Musidora). But if I listen attentively to the redemptive words of these Messengers (Messageres, Evelyne Le
Garrec); Silence, We're Shouting
(Silence, on crie, Marie Vaubourg), I have the impression I've heard this
tune somewhere before.
Here I expect the
spokeswomen for feminine liberation to unfold the infinite fresco of battered,
raped, aborted, exploited and circumcised women in order to underline the
inappropriateness of my remarks. And in the event that some of them have
managed to remain calm-which I doubt from the sound of their war cries-I expect
that they will evoke the priorities of the struggle, which render the
fundamental objection that I am making irrelevant. But I will not give in
merely for this. To begin with, I am far too aware of how these unbearable
convulsions, these impenetrable depressions of flesh, these wounds gaping like
despair, weave and mold the feminine condition to be willing to put up with
anyone making a fresco of them. I hear these cries rotting with obscurantism
too often, even at the edges of the silence that looms between men and women,
to endorse the birth of a new "cult of rotting flesh" .in a daze. And
this is what is being demanded of us.
Just as the piece of raw
meat thrown into the "Laissez-les vivre" ("Let Them Live")
cradle of organdie [An anti-abortion display-editor] in 1971 by a group of
homosexuals (men and women) revealed the barbed-wire armor of that rat's nest
through an indelible spot of blood, I am equally astonished that the uproar
being made about the question of abortion seems to resound at the expense of
information about contraception. Here, I am clearly not talking about the very
real struggles for the right to have an abortion which are taking place in
France and elsewhere. I am simply asserting that the difficult reality of this
fight is obscured by a literature hat is as degrading as it is parasitic in
that it is written with the blood of others from the start. Aren't feminist
publications too verbose about abortion not to seem too discreet about
contraception? Even if the continual representation of crime did have
educational virtues, as the militants believe, I would not be able to accept
that these lives, which have already been stolen by twenty equally militant
centuries of procreation, be stolen again to serve the aims of edification.
The more totalitarian a
particular way of thinking aspires to be, the more it seeks spectacular martyrs
who can then be used against anyone who doesn't bend to its way of thinking,
even if it kills them. Wasn't there a time when the ten thousand executed members
of the Party of the same name ["The ten thousand executed members of the
Party of the same name" refers to the number of communist members of the
resistance who were shot during World War II, whose memory has been ceaselessly
evoked by the French Communist Parry in all kinds of situations during the
years following the war, to the point of the party calling itself "the
party of the ten thousand who were shot".] had their deaths stolen away to
hide an infinitely greater number of cadavers'? I am going a bit quickly
perhaps, but there are ideological ruses that can be spotted quite far away
from the places where they acquired their titles of shame.
No, Helene Cixous, you
cannot proclaim, in a preface to Phyllis Chesler's Women and Madness which is bloated with demagogy, that "we are
all hysterics" as long as there are still hysterics shut away in asylums
and women writers who are pursuing their careers by occasionally proclaiming
that they are hysterical. One does not have the caddishness, in the most
phallocratic sense of the term, to steal the shadow of the haggard memory of
women who have gone mad because they have been dispossessed of themselves.
I want people to understand
me clearly: in 1968, the world was enriched by a solidarity in revolt when the
only thing that certain people had to gain by declaring themselves "all
German Jews" was the anonymity of getting clubbed, whereas the world is
impoverished when a university professor is reduced to appropriating the
madness of others in order to adorn herself with a new literary makeup. If
"They: the phallocratic therapists, men - psychiatrists - ladies' men -
family - daddymommylovers chain of substitutes" are really an
"Equation of death" [Helene Cixous, in the preface to Phyllis Chesler's
Women and Madness, p.7.], as Helene Cixous proclaims
perhaps its simply a matter of ceasing to do research except as a way of
earning their playthings: I am
referring to their media prizes, their university posts, their introductions to official
expositions, their television, along
with other rewards of their system
which Helene Cixous does not seem to particularly scorn. And if, indeed,
"men ‘exalt’ women by lowering them", as this benevolent hysteric
judiciously tells us, then one has to come to the conclusion that Helene Cixous
has fallen very low.
In light of these obscene
antics, I would like you to recall Unica Zurn, and her light solitude
"like a white void": by throwing herself out of one of their windows, she has opened a breach
in the wall of life, leaving the transparent lace of the bewildered questions
of childhood floating on a sky which is shot with explanations. " what
does the man who was born in '99, but wakes up one morning in '66 say? His
beautiful "99 has been turned upside down during the course of time, and
he himself knows better than anyone what it means. The '66 is ready to throw
itself along with him headfirst into eternity". [Unica Zurn, L'Homme-Jasmin, p.16] Doesn't
the "revolutionary sympathy" between one woman and another, the
"active transforming sympathy..., true emotional apprenticeship...,
counter-education" [Helene Cixous, op.cit.,
p.8] which is claimed by Helene
Cixous in order to justify turning madness to her advantage seem a little bit
useless when one discovers the "immobile presence" around which the
world of Unica Zurn is arranged in large panes of glass? "Much later the
keys turn inside her, one after another, but she doesn’t open. One quickly
wearies of this useless box and throws it away. For in years to come, she will
bend over the shoulders of men, but will see nothing but the Jasmine-Man. She
will remain faithful to her childhood wedding." [Unica Zurn, op.cit., p.14] In the light that slips
and dies on days of delicate pearls, Unica Zurn invents "the game of
transparent acts". And we find ourselves so distant from her that we have
nothing to take away from her dementia and everything to learn, as from those
improbable explorations from which the entire jungle of childhood is made.
Because we have not lived through her madness,
it is impossible to boast of her rigor,
Ariadne's imperceptible string above the void that can only break under the
insidious pressure of this "new style", the suspect compositions of
which-"a mixture of love, solidarity and ‘sisterhood’-Is praised by Helene
Cixous.
One also ends up doubting
that the verb to have, "in its
sense of possessing", has really "fallen into disuse" simply
thanks to the neo-feminist lovers treated in Monique Wittig and Sande Zeig's
book, for whom they make themselves the idiotic spokeswoman.[Monique Wittig and Sande Zeig, Brouillon pour tin dictionnaire des amantes,
p.30] In order to be, or at least to give the impression
of being, is it really necessary for the neo-feminist stars to make use of all
the sordidness of intellectual "maternalism", or of a completely
rhetorical militant promiscuity? By talking too much about an "I which is us" (Helene Cixous), these neo-feminists appear especially
greedy to possess, among other traits, the exotic tattoo of misery. I will not
belabor Marguerite Duras' latest find in this respect. Furthermore, during an
exhibition of feminist paintings, she suddenly considered herself to be obliged
to exclaim, "My sisters? Yes. My sisters, these rootless Barbarellas
deprived of fiction, with vaginal and mute mouths. Yes. My sisters" [Marguerite Duras in Sorcieres
#3, p.39] before the
representations of very hypothetical hookers who have been examined and
corrected in order to play their part in the hagiography of femellitude. ["Femellitude" : this word does
not exist, strictly speaking, but is used by Annie LeBrun in a pejorative
sense.] This is neither very touching nor very novel, because if the
illumination of neofeminism was necessary in order for Marguerite Duras to
discover, with fear and trembling, that hookers are ultimately not essentially
different from herself, one finds oneself mourning for the platitudes of
humanism where these things go without saying. But furthermore, haven't people
delighted in calling these mouths "vaginal and mute" in order to give
birth to the worst literature, as one can judge here, for far too long? As for
this sisterhood that is claimed right and left, wouldn't it rather be up to
those who have been scandalously "deprived of fiction" to make this
decision? For now, it very much seems that things will remain on the level. of
rhetorical seduction within the sad limits of literary exhibitionism as long as
the hookers do not see themselves in Marguerite Duras or her writings rather
than the reverse.
I know I am being
blasphemous by looking at the world this way. But what can I do? I have yet to
be moved by the neofeminist revelation and can make no sense at all of the
"obscure, confused, mucous maternal language, of the hot flow, of the
language of origins, the soft and downy words of which have emerged, like
satiny flesh, from the passionate attention that the baby pays quite naturally
to the body and the ambience that surround it; words of reassurance spoken to
nourish, a language that does not need to demonstrate, prove or represent..., a
language that exists." [Chantal Chawaf, Sorcieres #3, p.4]
I would point out to the
confused reader that it is not the merits of a carpet that are being praised
here, but of a language that is revolutionizing the world if one is to believe
the loudspeakers of these times. This language may exist, but I will never be
able to make contact with it when in the barbarity where I remain I have the
misfortune not only to, hear, but to pay attention to the professions of faith
and the revelations it conveys: "If a pimp has a woman walking the
streets, it is because he would like to walk the streets himself, to possess
this knowledge. And if he is violent with her, it is precisely because this
knowledge escapes him. And this knowledge is enjoyment". ["Jouissance
Pouvoir", Sorcieres #3, p.52] Admittedly, we may have thought
of that, but this language still has many other surprises in store for us:
"Prostitution is the only job from which you can really learn about life.
There is an entire part of me that I would never have been able to express if I
hadn't gone through being a prostitute. Before prostitution I was like many
other women. Too repressed; too reserved. Prostitution helped me to really
become myself”. ["Un voyage initiatique", Sorcieres #3, p.48]
In effect, as we have been
warned, this language certainly has no need to demonstrate or prove; otherwise
you would have to wonder what obscure reason causes so many feminists to waste
their time on battered women or feminine creativity, when, according to what
we're told here, all these little problems could be resolved through
prostitution. A question as useless as it is out of place, since in order to
understand these "carnal words, knowledge sentence with rays from the
heart which illuminate that which remains plunged in unconsciousness-when the
words do not spring from the body", [Chantal
Chawaf, ibid., p.4] you
undoubtedly have to endorse the definition of truth with which Monique Wittig
and Sande Zeig have cheerfully chosen to be satisfied: "If an affirmation
is repeated twice, the third time it becomes true." For once, it is clear:
from the proven technique of ideological clubbing will spring neo-feminist
truth.
In all likelihood this is
the source of my incurable deafness to the feminine word. All the more so,
since in remaining insensitive to this "sonorous, oral well-spring",
[Chantal Chawaf, ibid., p.6] there is a reality that hits you
in the face: the patron ladies had their poor people, and the leading feminists
have their hookers, madwomen and circumcised women. The building up of a
treasury of martyrs is directly proportional to the mediocrity of what is being
said. After much hesitation, I will still hand the top prize to Bennite Groult
who, being on the offensive while slipping away, pushes boldness to the point
of wishing to interest the readers of Marie
Claire in the problems of female circumcision in an issue (January 1977) in
which the courage of Granny Carter-off to India for a frantic round of
sterilization under the auspices of the Peace Corps-is elsewhere praised. As
long as Marie Claire is not
distributed in Kenya or Ethiopia, one can evaluate the exemplary nature of such
a spine-tingling safari in the distant lands of feminine humiliation for what
it's worth.
One could retort, a little hastily,
that the homosexuals of the FHAR have nothing over the neo-feminists, and that
if the latter are hanging out with whiny vulgarity in the ghettoes they've
chosen for themselves, the former flatter themselves for having privileged
relations with Arabs, counting on the sexual, social and political provocation
of such an admission in a sickeningly racist France. This may be, but the
analogy doesn't work for the simple reason that the men of the FHAR are talking
about the ones they love, or with whom they share pleasures, whereas the
Amazons of the pen seem to have a preference for feminine misery when it is and
remains a pretext for a preface or a deeply felt text.
Let us recall the plight of
a former prostitute who worked in a feminist bookshop and had the audacity, in
good and due form, to demand a pay slip from them. Let us recall the polemic
that followed in the October 22, 1976
Liberation, in which Catherine Leguay, one of the women who had occupied
the shop to protest the woman's firing, invited women to leave "the ghetto
of the saintly union, the sacred union of the women's struggle, in the name of
which everything can be perpetrated. The worst injustices, the sleaziest acts,
the dirtiest tricks, as if the fact of being a woman and a woman in struggle
were virtues in themselves." Let us also recall the response of Victoria
Therame, the flunky on hand, defending the Des
Femmes bookshop in the same issue, evidently only to assure that the ink of
pen pushers like herself continues to flow: "It's thanks to Des Femmes that women (I mean the ones
who don't write Harlequin novels) are being published more than ever before at
all the publishing houses everywhere; promoting women, women's series, woman,
this unknown, woman, a new continent! Women are in position of power at
publishing houses thanks to Des Femmes! This
must be understood. We've understood, as has Barbara [The woman who was
fired.], especially when these same women tell us that they scorn
the exercise of power and recourse to force as being specifically masculine!
Finally, let us recall the irremediable blow that his labor conflict, which was
brought before an arbitration board, dealt to the feminist idyll that Victoria
Therame, always on hand and ready, does not fail to grasp: "But it's simple:
something is developing at Editions Des
Femmes that has never existed anywhere else, a mini-society that functions
in a different, without any hierarchy and without a structured organization; a
tight ship, a group of women working in a different way, freedom in action, a
seed of a new world, the little green bud, an opening in the city." Things
really must be going on in this "new world" for the "little
green bud" to suddenly transform into a club to silence to silence all the
women. who are not toeing the line, to discredit all the "unnatural enemies", as Victoria Therame, in her naive
servility, calls "all the other women's groups". But don't worry, all
of this is not really Des Femmes’ fault,
but simply due to a prostitute in whom, furthermore, “prostitution fantasies”
had been uncovered, and to whom one had the militant generosity of proposing an
analysis [Le Monde, May 20, 1977,
"Le licenciement de Barbara"] in order to overcome her resistance.
Thus, in their desire to
feminize the vocabulary, the neofeminists have been successful on one point:
today they can boast of having their own Katangaises
[The feminine form of "Katangais", which refers to a
number of asocial or unclassifiable people and some repeat offenders who were
very active in helping the students who occupied the Sorbonne during the events
of May 1968, but whom most of the students didn't hesitate to abandon to face
the police on their own when the Sorbonne was retaken.]-Barbara, Monique Pitton, a LIP worker, Erin Pizzey, a coordinator
in a battered women's shelter in London, all three taken to court and charged
with libel by the Des Femmes bookshop
[Sylvie Caster, "Salades", Charlie-Hehdo,
May 26, 1977] just as it was the shame of May 1968 to have invented the
masculine word, and to have so readily relinquished solidarity with those
designated by it. After such an affair, together with others just as glorious
for the cause of women, I would still like to share the passionate conviction
of Louise Michel concerning the women's struggle:
If we wished to govern!
Don't worry' We're not stupid
enough for that! That would
make authority endure.
Keep it so that authority'
comes to an end more quickly!
[Louise Michel, Memoires, ed. F. Roy, Paris 1886, Volume
1, p.107]
Perhaps I should not let
myself be so strongly impressed by the heart-rending spectacle of a few women
writers who are pining for power when, at the propitious moment, some of them,
who are growing old, discover the beauties of a feminism they had scarcely
bothered about until then, and when the rest, anxious not to miss their debut
in the literary arena, are ostentatiously wearing the colors of the gang that's
in fashion. It is because she saw Marie Ferre, Mme. Paulin, Mme. Meurice,
Jeanne B., Paule Minck, Maria A., Julie L., Andree Leo ... in real life, at
grips with the worst realities, that Louise Michel is so confident in the
future. I have no doubt that today women everywhere "are simply taking
[their] place in the struggle without asking". [Louise Michel, ibid., p.104] I merely doubt that they would join the ranks of
neo-feminists, or would stay there for long if they ended up there by mistake,
and I assume they would revolt against the arrogance of a few women who wish to
dictate their feelings and enthusiasms with the same jealous authority as the
sad swarm of spineless phallocrats evoked by Louise Michel: "smooth
talkers, the upper crust, dandies, ultimately scum, young or old, ridiculous,
stupefied by a pile of sleazy affairs, whose time is up"; and who, for
this reason, to the same extent weigh "the minds of women in their dirty
paws, as if they sensed the rising tide of these women who are hungry for
knowledge, and who ask only that of the old world: the little it knows."
[Louise Michel, ibid., p.106] What a historical irony: when
one sees the lying pretension of what is done and written in the name of women,
one has to admit that this entire passage dangerously tales on-not a
feminine-but a feminist coloring. And if the players have changed sex, the
stakes of the game have remained the same.
How much longer will we have
to witness this depressing spectacle? It is to all those whose despair will not
be used up either by shouting a few hateful commands or in the miasma of a smug
sisterhood that I address myself, still convinced, in spite of the
disconcerting demonstrations of recent years, that "When things are worth
fighting for, women are not left behind; the old yeast of revolt which is in
the heart of every woman ferments quickly when combat opens the paths wider,
where it smells less of rotting flesh and the filth of human stupidity."
[Louise Michel, ibid., p.106] It is thanks to all these
women, who, because of the depth of their revolt, refuse the discourse of the
bureaucrats of neo-feminist sensitivity, that we might possibly be in a
position to measure, from the profoundest depths of feminine misery "how
much certain bureaucrats have a taste for the heroism [or misery] of
others", as Severine noted already long ago. Moreover, a re-reading of the
Pages Rouges (Red Pages) lets us see
that things have scarcely changed, considering that Barbara's
"prostitution fantasies", discovered at the propitious moment by the
"tribunal" of the Des Femmes bookshop,
seem to be cut from the same cloth as the account of the Fourmies shooting
which aroused the indignation of Jules Valles' young mistress:
In the first rank, and among
the dead, it can now be said, there were women of very easy virtue.
"That's it," she fumed. "The-charming-conclusion is
self-evident: the misfortune is much less horrible, the catastrophe much less
distressing, and the sub prefect less worthy of being jeered at because the
victims were
not roses! "
[Severine, Pages Rouges, "Choix de
Mortes", p.244, ed. Simonis Empis, 1893]
Again as always, then, long live the hookers, mad women and the women of easy virtue, the traditionally symbolic figures of feminine misery, and all the more symbolic since they are always represented mute in order to be brandished as scarecrows or saintly images according to the fluctuations of ideological necessities. It is henceforth established that the neo-feminist revolution only gives words to women in order to be able better to take them back. And id one makes a strong effort to hold on to them, it is sufficient to strangle them with the sludge that was used to mold the most touching laceworks of pain a while back. O eternal "vaginal and mute mouths" that neo-feminists can make talk or remain silent by applying pressure to women's loins! Militant pressure is not different from parental or social pressure-one always expects women to say "Mommy". But I'll come back to this.
In the meantime, I can also
expect to at this point I will be reproached for having referred to Severine
here: she will be found guilty of the error of having loved passionately and
acknowledging, with regard to the person with whom she shared . her
"vagabond old age", that “You have taught me to see, to hear, to
meditate...” [Severine, ibid., Avertissement]
However, in her flaming hazel eyes, whose joyous insolence lit up the somber
sequins of her corsage, I see the "revolutionary dandyism" gleaming
which she attributed to Felix Payat, Eugene Sue and Gustave Fleurens, who, in
their struggle against the old world, also
knew how to find "the women beautiful, the flowers exquisite, the wine
generous, the music bewitching... " [Severine, ibid., p.76] And
though it may displease our professional mourners, here it is a question of the
same lyrical necessity that illuminates the revolt of Louise Michel or Flora
Tristan from the inside. The quality
of the way in which the former looked at the Caledonian forests, and the latter
looked at the London nights, contains the entire stake of their revolt.
All of our reasons for
living or dying at times depend on the color of the sky: by perceiving and
conveying it, certain people expose the vital source of revolt by pushing the
ideological artifices which steal it away aside: "Isn't everything
connected to everything? Doesn't obstruction of human development and the
development of new senses originate in general outlooks." [Louise Michel, op.cit., p.124] Undoubtedly, this is
where this "revolutionary dandyism" of which Severine speaks lies:
scandalously natural, it resides in the challenge of recognizing the luxury of
life in the places where it has not inevitably been debased, in spite of
everything. I am obliged to state that this dandyism is cruelly lacking in neofeminists,
who are preoccupied with being taken for the scapegoats of feminine misfortune
to the point of obsession, less, no doubt, "from the cultivated shabbiness
of their old clothes, or the craftily contrived dirtiness of their hands",
by which Severine recognized the "jokers of revolution", than through
the feverish rubber-stamping of every misery of the feminine condition at any
cost, even that of lying. This ruse is not the same, but something worse since
the masquerade has been internalized. One might be led to believe that this
kind of indecency is a specifically feminine quality, but that would be a
mistake, since it's only a question of a handful of bureaucrats.
I can agree that making a
stand like this against what seems to foretell a new exploitation of women by
women does not resolve the institutionalized exploitation of women by men as
such. But I am arguing that current feminist discourse is only postponing the
time when women will make themselves free in that it is deceiving them about
their reality.
So what is this reality?
Quite obviously the one that has been made for them by men, and not the one
which neo-feminists make for themselves, without protest, from the verbal
bloatedness that we all know; but also the one that every woman has consented
to, and consents to losing, until
nothing remains of her life except the very vague outline of dots that is the
succession of her children, her husbands and indeed her lovers. Wouldn't it be
the time as well to state that masculine power, which is now granted the
privilege of blotting out every darkness, is permitted by this consenting to
banality rather than inciting women to discover the well of the marvels that
they naturally are? Isn't one condemning Sleeping Beauty to an eternal leaden
sleep when, while dissuading her from waiting for Prince Charming, one
encourages her to rely on the hypnotizing omnipotence of a bewitching neo-feminism?
Since it only seeks to promote a new set of roles and, quite clearly, of
clitoral medals for its most faithful servants, neo-feminism never speaks of
the reality I was referring to above that, in spite of everything, I insist is
given to each person to find or lose in the discontinuity of a sensitive life
which ceaselessly throws a monkey wrench into the mechanism of roles and
livery. One will not be overly surprised that, from primordial femininity
passing through suffering femininity to militant femininity, these roles are
all revealed to us in an outrageously positive light.
Angel or demon until now,
woman today has the good fortune of being only an angel, but an angel that has
the distinction of presenting itself as a winged vagina. With regards to
feminine reality, I admit that I can hardly distinguish between the vagina with
teeth and the vagina with wings. And since they talk of revolution, I could
grant that it is a question of a revolution in the costumes that are being
worn, but nothing more. Appearing today under a shower of tacky organic
ornaments, femininity remains just as idiotically mysterious, maternity just as
stupidly triumphant and feminine desire just as derisively painted in makeup.
Neo-feminism can flatter itself for having adapted these sad roles, which are
inherent in this misery, to the taste, or rather the lack of taste, that
characterizes the end of this [the 20th] century. I know that life is always
invented in opposition to these roles, which most people customarily accept with
frivolous docility or slip into with self-interested flexibility. But I also
know the immense emotional disorder of all those women the reality of whose
misery and desperation turns them away from the frivolity or cynicism necessary
to play this game. Like them, I have the fierce aspiration to situate myself
elsewhere. And it is less painful for me to say it since I believe that I have
uncovered the same gap between the
deaf, bursting, convulsive, dreary, starlit, torn-apart-night-that-tears-apart
in which every woman finds her life as between my life and the neo-feminist
discourse.
To begin with, I suspect
that I am not alone in feeling a bit put off when I am asked, for example,
"to articulate my neurosis about the class struggle". I thought that
I had done away with early childhood and the horror I was plunged into by the
destruction of a rubber duckie. However, this phrase, which I heard in a cafe,
provoked such dismay in the young recruit to whom the speech was addressed that
I thought that I had flashed back 20 years. As with myself and my rubber duck,
she struggled to place the rose leg of her neurosis on the desired spot on the
plump and evasive body of the class struggle, recognizing nothing of herself
and others in the headless, tailless monster that she was credited with having
engendered and which, astoundingly, escaped from her hands after a number of
stinging ideological elastic snap-backs.
After thinking it over, in retrospect, I have come to understand my fright, which was just as useless as that of the young person who was interviewed by chance: because we were unaware of the reference texts, neither of us knew anything of the clarifications that neo-feminist discourse provides us about our situation in the world. To such an extent that the extremely problematic articulation of our neurosis concerning class struggle becomes child's play when one learns that:
For the entire period of
their stay, the bourgeois who
didn't make it are on the
ladder of assets, aspiring to be
bourgeois. The rebels...
advocate a collective climb up a
collective ladder and an
elbow-to-elbow to put an end to
the body-to-body and the
proliferation of private
ladders.
[Michele
Causse, L'encontre, p.132]
I pick out these pearls not
so much to amuse myself by exposing their idiocy-though a little just the
same-as to show the extent to which the non-return of the theoretical(?) or
lyrical(?) neo-feminist discourse manages to function in a void, which,
furthermore, the previously quoted textual tightrope walker does not fail to
proudly reveal to us:
My
manuscript has one fault: it is difficult and it is
addressed
only to women. It is also political. All women,
then,
can read it. Even those who will not decode the
language will
understand my thesis."
[Michele Causse, Avertissement a 1'Encontre,
Catalogue des Editions Des Femmes. Emphasis added by Annie LeBrun]
Here I understand that if I
comprehend nothing about this coded exertion, it doesn't matter; absolute faith
that the neofeminist word is well founded is sufficient-this is where the
secret of comprehension resides. I have not forgotten that "Holy water can
work in a car in a pinch" (Picabia), but this kind of miracle continues to
escape me just as much when I consider the reality that its incredibility
serves to erase: neither my body nor those of other women are "caught in
language", as the little masterpiece of contorted simplicity entitled 0 Maman, Baisemoi encore (0 Mommy, Kiss Me
Again) would convince us; neither my life nor those of other women
"pant" and "suckle" in order to "let the milk
flow" or "the writing fly": [Helene Cixous, Avertissement a Souffles] ultimately, if "woman does not shut" [ibid.], neither does the neo-feminist mouth, as it opens more and
more into the gulf of words that, trying to be primordial, are no longer in
touch with the historical reality which women, like men, are nonetheless
plunged.
I am saying that this gulf
is political in the sense that it is scandalously real-like the gulf which was
dug between m the militant feminists and those accused in the Bobigny trial
[The Bobigny trial refers to the 1972 trial in which women accused of
performing abortions pleaded guilty and received relatively light sentences.]
when it was collectively preparing the defense. Didn't some argue about the
radicalness of the movement, as Gisele Halimi reports in La Cause de femmes, when what was at stake was for others was their
very concrete liberty, their very concrete lives? There can be know minimizing
of this gulf by invoking the eternal divorce between theory and practice. This
gulf is inherent in the maddening purity that
flattens the feminist landscape today. And if one can applaud the dismantling
of the mother/whore pair which, with Judeo-Christian dualism being all the
rage, has shared the image of women until now, one cannot in any way rejoice in
seeing neo-feminism replace it with the witch/martyr couple that may indeed
unify femininity, but from the stupefying and antiseptic viewpoint of absolute
innocence.
Since these endeavors of
frantic virginization are never gratuitous (note the former and future
Stalinists in the Western countries), I ask myself questions when I hear these
"newborns" from the latest shower of feminists telling us history in
their manner:
History? That of spilled
blood... They were not our acts.
We came from the dawn; we
came from the beginning,
and we were the ones who
gave, who nourished, who
cared for life and who did
not have or were unable to
retain any means of
preventing life from being
destroyed, wasted and
bloodied by the barbarous rage of
men who, paradoxically, were
not snatched from
ignorance through knowledge,
as if the so-called higher
values had become
accomplices of savagery.
[Chantal
Chawaf, op.cit., p.6]
What can I do? I do not have
the bad taste to be moved by this evocation of Salvation Ai any femininity that
throws in the towel. But even if I did it would still be difficult for me share
in this whiny idiocy when one sees these bleating sheep-who give, who nourish,
who care for life from the tips of their enchanted pens-use this immaculate
purity as an authority to sully, in the flourish of their existential
generosity, everything that is masculine. In order for us to get a picture of
the typhoon of stupidity that menaces us, stupefied, I will hand the stage to
Christianne Rochefort, whose humor does not appear to have resisted this virus
of virginization through femellitude:
We are presently colonized
and on the road to
decolonization: we have not
participated in the
enter prise of conquest,
violation, rape and massacre of
the earth carried out by
Man-and it is here that the
meaning of this terra, which
has long been claimed
generic, reveals its
reality: it is, in fact, a question of
man in the limited sense.
[Christianne
Rochefort, in Regards feminine by
Annie Ophir, p.90]
At the risk of being taken
for an enemy of my gender who must be stamped out, I would point out just the
same that certain languages exist in which this linguistic quibbling is
impossible due to the simple fact that one has recourse to different words to
designate man and human beings.
But it's of little
importance; litanies of this sort pollute feminine literature of recent years
with such consistency in their stupidity that I will stop at these two
examples. In other times, in other places, didn't it seem necessary to
everything be swallowed with equal ardor in order to unleash a pack of positive
heroes upon all those whose uneasy shadows questioned the fatal purity of a new
world? Could it be a question here of the infantile malady of the oppressed who
no longer wish to be so? It's possible, but there are infantile maladies that
have serious after-effects once the period of growth comes to an end: to begin
with, those kinds of psychic infections which curiously transform the oppressed
into oppressors. I can understand that women today, after being denied,
humiliated, fucked over, raped and dispossessed for too long, have gone in
search of a primordial wholeness. But I don't so much understand that they are
claiming to find it in a pure and spotless image of femininity that is
dishonestly positive because it is absolutely positive. This being said, I am
fully aware that I am engaging in an act of sabotage here of which I will,
furthermore, not fail to be accused. Undoubtedly, this is what brings us back
to the famous priorities of struggle.
Since it sometimes happens,
from priority to priority, that one may have the priority of finding oneself in
a camp or a psychiatric asylum, I am trembling. Not because the witches are
back, as the Italian feminists are pleased to announce, but because under the
ready-made thought of this mass witchcraft I see the motion of the shadow of an
Inquisition rather than the firefly of revolt illuminating the heaths of the
great refusal. Once again, one might believe that I have a vexatious tendency
to dramatize the inevitable excesses of a struggle that is nevertheless
legitimate. Except that, when I hear the Italian feminists wishing to
"change the world" from a "woman's viewpoint"-and they do
not differ from their American or European sisters in this-I get a chill down
my spine. And my spine becomes still more sensitive when we are told in the
same journal that in Rome on the night of November 27, "ten thousand
women" were howling, "The white moon is gleaming on the roof, my
sisters. Let us take up our lanterns and our candles and go through the hostile
city denouncing the violence which this masculine world has inflicted on us. We
are another power. We are the new power that is rising. We will liberate you, o
city, we will liberate you, o male who is chained by the exploitation you make
us suffer."
I will not go on about the
novelty of this weary refrain that is tirelessly shouted from the moment there
are liberators who are pining for power. But I would like to know by virtue of
what witchcraft this "power that is rising" will become something
that will save us, when elsewhere it is endlessly repeated that "men's
unhealthy desire for power and violence is at the heart of every problem".
[Les Femmes entetent, p.209] Perhaps there is a special
brigade of neo-feminists who can make recalcitrant subjects understand that
there is power and power, because I am unable to understand that there are
police and police or the army and the army. While waiting for this explanation
which I will never receive, I resign myself to advancing further into the night
of neo-feminist obscurantism to discover what is hiding under the unresolved
question: If women today can reproach men for having made things function
"from a men's viewpoint", how can they claim to liberate
"males", as well as themselves, "from a women's viewpoint"?
Wouldn't this be something of a theoretical contradiction which, in practice,
removes all equivocation about the depth of the neo-feminist horizon?
In this respect, most of the
exemplary actions that are wholly guided by this "women's viewpoint"
leave one with the deepest doubts about the way today's feminists intend to
"change the world". Twenty years after Jean-Pierre Duprey, the person
who said "Any sign of life would make me laugh", simply went one day
and pissed on the Arc de Triomphe, extinguishingintentionally or not, it makes
little difference-the deceiving flame of country, nation, war that is nourished
in the heart of Paris by the body of an anonymous individual, therefore any
individual whatever, Parisian feminists could think of nothing better to do
than to go and place a wreath of flowers to the wife of the unknown soldier.
Clitoris out front, they went up the Champs Elysees, no doubt to show what
ancient Amazons they could be, dreaming already of their breast of wood. I will
not attempt to peer into the troubled waters of their real motivations. I will
simply ask one question: Before coming up with this humiliating 'reproach to
the unappreciative nation, wouldn't it have been more worthwhile-"from a
women's viewpoint", it's understood-to first ask oneself whether the
sublime wife of the unknown soldier was not one of those rotten women who sent
men off to war with flowers in their rifles, or who did nothing to prevent the
men they were living with from participating in the collective butchery in one
way or another? Too bad, too bad that these feminists did not think of
extinguishing the patriotic flame in the way Duprey did, because that would
have been an opportunity for taking back possession of their leg-objects in
order to make an Arc de Honte-arch of shame-which would not be forgotten; too
bad, finally, that they didn't bother to take up a collection for the movement
like the brilliant crook who has reaped a fruitful offering in recent years
going house-to-house in the name of the wife of the unknown soldier. But since
I already imagine the choir of trellised virgins appearing to remind me that
these things are not to be laughed at, I will hasten to return to a subject
that is just as important for the women's struggle in another way.
So let us see what sort of
light this famous "women's viewpoint" sheds on the problem of rape,
something of which women are the direct victims and about which only women who
have been raped can bear witness. Here again, it seems to me that this light
appears to be flickering, to say the least, in spite of the means deployed to
make us believe that this alone can indicate what is good and what is evil.
If it is up to women to
establish the criminal reality of rape, which is too often evaluated with
extreme complacency not only by the justice system, but by general public
opinion as well, is it really the duty of women to deliver rapists to a
judicial system which, if they are to be believed, is a guarantor of everything
they claim to be fighting against? How can it be forgotten that it is the same
justice that condemns women who have abortions, women who perform them, [At the
time this was written, abortion was still illegal in France.] and
rapists-and condemns them equally when any of them does not have sufficient
means or backing available to them to avoid having their crimes taken to court?
How can one suddenly have recourse to the repressive legal apparatus of a power
that is called phallocratic when rape constitutes the grossest and most
miserable manifestation of this same power?
To the very praiseworthy
ambition of Italian feminists who wish to make every rape "a trial of the
State" a completely different reality responds, if we are to judge from
the book Against Our Wills by Susan
Brownmiller, who is considered the authority on the question. In this book one
can read the following sort of feminist declarations:
I am not someone who employs the word revol utionaf y lightly, but
women's total integration into the police forces-and by total I mean 50/50, not
less-is a revolutionary goal of the highest importance for the rights of women;
Or, again,
I want to point out here that I am someone who considers a prison term
a just and legitimate solution to the problem of criminal activity, the best
solution we have today as a civilized punishment and to have a preventive
effect against future crimes.
Is it this forest of billy
clubs and bars which guarantees the radical newness of the neo-feminist
paradise we are promised?
It is a strange
"women's viewpoint" which consecrates the break of neo-feminist
discourse with the reality lived by specific women, when it is the most somber
one. Because if feminist today are calling for justice in the case of rape-for
which one cannot blame them without ending up defending a scandalous state of
affairs-it is precisely because in fact they
separate power and maleness, though their discourse nonetheless tries hard to
systematically confuse the two. And for us, this is something that can be
instructive in relation to the nature and function of today's feminist
discourse, which in the specific case of rape, contributes considerably to
obscuring the problem. This problem is too serious to think that shutting away
rapists can wipe out anything whatsoever of the physical, mental and emotional
devastation caused to those who have been raped: "We were so desperate
that we even thought of suicide," Araceli Castellano and Anne Tonglet, who
were raped in August 1974 while camping be a beach near Marseilles, tell us.
First, it is urgent for women to reject the Judeo-Christian curse on the flesh,
which up to now has made women silently bear the shame of having been raped,
that is, of having been nothing but the body in the crime in the most
insignificant sense of the term.
But in order for this
rejection to come about, the rigor of their account must prevent the
substitution of a new ideology that denounces the aggressor with the aim of
exalting the victim for the one that assails the victim in order to excuse or
even glorify the aggressor. From their experience of suffering, women know that
it serves no purpose; the only thing that it teaches us is to do everything
that we can to prevent it. And as much as I consider it necessary for women to
break the silence that favors rape, to the same extent I cannot accept that
"In light of these accounts rape" appears "to clearly be a
terrorist tactic utilized by a few men, but serving to exert the power of all
men over all women". [Cahiers du
GRIF, "Violence", no. 14-15, p.103] I'm very sorry,
but to be a woman and to have been raped does not authorize one in any way to
use the handy convenience of the principle of collective responsibility to
which the totalitarian outlook has always made reference. I may be taking
things the wrong way but when, hidden under the garments of pain, the following
psycho-sexual law is pronounced: "If all men do not rape women..., all
benefit from the fact that some do", I can't prevent myself from thinking
of the phrase, "They're all bitches", which encountered a fate with
which we are all familiar. And when I see the neo-feminists placing their pawns
on the miserable generic chess board in this manner, I get the feeling that the
women who really have been raped are condemned to disappear, one by one into
the darkness of their suffering thanks to this. Otherwise, why does
neo-feminist discourse always end up presenting rape as the implicit model of
all masculine behavior, reducing it to its most pathetic negativity, when rape
demonstrates an analogous reduction of femininity which unbearably surpasses
even the notion of woman-object itself?
I will explain: with rape
and its imaginary representations, a notion of women-space takes root at the cost of a definitive flattening out
of femininity as a danger zone. Therefore, he who approaches is to be excused
for every folly: we know that at one time or another, every rapist claims to
have been provoked, and that classically this defense system is one of the most
satisfying to the extent that, as a result of 2000 years of Christianity,
public opinion in general derives the spineless pleasure of finding itself in
familiar territory. Progress in this sphere seems to be heading in the worst
direction, Since when it became difficult to question that Anne Tonglet and
Araceli Castellano had been victims of an indisputable aggression, they were
reproached not
...for having been raped,
but for being homosexual. We
are judged, we are
condemned, and some even go so far
as to think we're worse than
the rapists.
[interview given to Marie-Claire, no. 244]
I don't know who to hand the
grand prize to for sleaze: the rapists or the employers of these young women,
who used arguments like this to deprive them of their jobs following this
affair. In both cases woman is no longer even an object with its contours and
its effective particularities; she is the indefinable space of the curse of the
flesh. It has been the tradition of feminism that has refused this cursed
topography, which whitens all of the shadows of virility on the march, due to
the single fact that femininity is said to stretch forth as a space which is
booby trapped from the outset. This is why I am astonished that neofeminism
finds nothing better with which to confront a macho criminality that is very
real than the virgin lands of an innocence
on principle. But this is such a fundamental aspect of neofeminist
ideology that we even see it making its appearance, with complete naturalness,
from the pens of those who have been given the task of instructing the idle
masses. All that I need as an example is one of the diatribes of Benoite
Groult, who [...] has been doing neo-feminist entrism in the magazine Marie Claire:
There is much talk of
certain categories, exclusively
masculine ones of course:
immigrants, the handicapped,
even certain poor perverted
people who, it is said, are in
need of specialized
nurses... It is true that their situation
must pose certain problems.
But these are THEIR
problems. They should not be
resolved at the expense of
innocent
women [Annie Lebrun's emphasis] who are
sacrificed to the sexual
equilibrium of one group of
individuals or another.
[Marie Claire, no. 295]
Whatever one may think, the
innocent readers who read these lines were not sacrificed to Benoite Groult's
mental handicap, but to the one that governs neo-feminism. Black leveling
becomes white leveling. Today the criminal inevitability that tore apart every
representation of the feminist universe has been followed by a fatality of
innocence which extends women's demands indefinitely in order to make a weepy
imperialist display of them.
When I saw that the women
from the GRIF were bringing together accounts, documents and information with
the goal of looking at the problem of violence without wanting to ignore its
complexity, I was hoping that they would avoid getting stuck in the theoretical
ridiculousness of neo-feminist ideology. But I quickly had to sing another when
I noticed the reflections of a certain Aline Dallier [There is no
specific information on what text the quotes from Dallier come from, though
later on page numbers are given for quotes, for this reason I am refraining
from noting quotes.] on "the image of violence in women's art".
According to her, the principle merit of the women mentioned (including Leonor
Fini and Dorothea Tanning, which says it all) is that they inaugurated a
hagiography of the feminine martyr. Which, let us note in passing, scarcely
offers any menstrual blood as grist for the mill of feminine specificity since,
whether it is a question of Dorothea Tanning's puppet-like
"Maternity", or Frida Kahlo's premature birth: "Long ropes
project from her navel and join her, like a ball and chain, to a stillborn
child, skeleton-like and black"; whether again it is a question of the
used tampaxes exhibited by Gina Pane in order to evoke "the painful
vagina, which is not only the source from which the child appears, but also of
the pleasure-pain of being a woman", or the blood spattered sheets on
which Ana Mendieta exhibits, there is no doubt that here it is the artist (and
not the observer, as Marcel Duchamp claimed) who makes the picture. And this
artist, it should be noted, is always the cruelest masculine specter inscribing
the "real or symbolic tortures inflicted on women" on the canvasses,
as well as on women's bodies.
This detour into
neo-feminist aesthetics at least has the merit of informing us that the
feminist universe only whitens in order to better set off the bloody writing of
the masculine principle. Red on white, one can see the deception by which
neo-feminist discourse is fed appear. With regards to rape, what will be
retained is the violence of penetration in order to establish that all
penetration is violence perpetrated against feminine autoeroticism. And to get
an idea of the level reached by this bloodstreaked casuistry, I will hand the
stage to one of the theoreticians of feminine specificity who scarcely worries
about nuances when affirming, with the aplomb of scientific objectivity, that
The suspending of this auto-eroticism takes place through violent
crime: the brutal spreading apart of these two lips by a raping penis. [Luce Irigaray, Ce sexe qui n 'en
est pas un, p. 24]
At this rate, one can expect
that neo-feminism will shortly wither away when its adepts discover all the
raping forks and spoons with which they are still unconsciously feeding
themselves in their mouths. In the meantime, the big ideological cleansing goes
on full blast, achieving very meager results: the feminine horizon may well
have widened, but it nonetheless remains one of passivity, while, black or
white, the phallic hero continues to advance to meet his vileness as in former
times he met his glory. Nothing has really changed; the lighting has only been
altered by reversing the locations of the rays and shadows. And in spite of
what some would have us believe, an optical illusion is not sufficient to
shatter the mold of human relations.
Furthermore, I can scarcely
see how the feminist bureaucrats, who have not yet managed to eliminate the sex
collaborators from their ranks and are also very careful not to take
responsibility for the coherence of their delirium (unlike TiGrace Atkinson
and Valerie Solanas who had the audacity to do so), are going to change the
world from a "women's viewpoint"; or rather, I see only too well:
whether they refuse or consent to have relations with the enemy-strategic
relations, it goes without saying-the invention of their liberty is
disconcertingly confused with guilt-tripping what is masculine. And even [male]
homosexuals, despite the many forms of repression that they suffer, are
reproached for belonging to the masculine sex, as this delusional
"Lesbians' Response to Their Homosexual Brothers" demonstrates:
Men,
whose name designates male and the species at the same time,
who ceaselessly reinvent power,
Why must your language perpetually evoke domination and violence?...
Certainly it is just and necessary to show that homosexuality is to be
found within everyone. To do so, is it indispensable, because one is a man, to
implicitly address oneself only to men?
[FHAR, Rapport contre la normalite, p.80]
Something that, as we've
seen, women in struggle could in no way be reproached for! And we're even
happier to state that these Lapalisse ladies, ["Lapalisse ladies" refers to people who state the obvious.]
who might just as well complain about musicians loving music, do not, for their
part, demonstrate any sexism when they declare that "The penis alternately
represents the scepter or the club. Of what interest is all this for women?
None." In the end, one notes the biological imperialism this inexpressible
broad-mindedness leads to when they conclude this address to their
"homosexual brothers" in the following manner: "WHERE IS THE PROLETARIAT?
It is the army of women who work at home. It is the Black Continent. It is the
eternal Third World: the nation of women". [FHAR, op.cit., p. 81]
It is a stupid "women's
viewpoint" that, here as elsewhere, does not hesitate to make sacrifices
to the phallic competition in order to carry off the top prize for misery.
In these conditions perhaps
one will understand that, once again, it is difficult to me to take Simone de
Beauvoir seriously when she affirms, without laughing, that: "There is
nothing monolithic about feminist thinking". [Simone de Beauvoir, Les femmes
s'entetent, p.l 1]
First, I very much doubt that one can talk about thinking here, when the
innumerable contradictions and incoherencies of feminist discourse cancel each
other out in order to lead back to a disturbing mystique of femininity that, in its pettiness and
self-satisfaction, tends to reassure this famous "women's viewpoint"
that is founded entirely upon a hatred of what is masculine. Monolithism never
excludes formal diversity elsewhere when it serves to cover up its own
one-dimensionality. Take the Soviet choirs, and nowadays the neo-feminist
choirs, where the multiplicity of voices warble the same theme: "I'm not
racist, but I wouldn't want my daughter to marry a man."
And here is where my repugnance
for neo-feminist discourse finds its reason for being: I will never be made to
believe in the biological roots of all these rhetorical scaffoldings, which
only appear, each one just like the rest, in order to make people forget that
they collapse one after the other into the ahistorical
perspective of this women's viewpoint, on the pretext of denouncing one or
another of the crimes against women. Wouldn't the frenzy to construct, to
occupy the silence, relate back to a completely phallocratic fear of the void,
or at least reproduce phallic representations of femininity? In the same manner
that the traditional woman compulsively furnished the space in her home,
compulsively adorned the surface of her body, it seems to me that today the
feminine word occupies, adorns, furnishes, overloads the space of discourse
with its infinitely repeated echoes, with no goal other than to envelop itself
with this space.
Then I suddenly understand the difficulty I have breathing in the constraining limits of this little world that is completely indistinguishable from the putrid worldliness of Leonora Fini, its official painter. Everything I love about women withers away here: the weightless freedom that made Virginia Woolf dream of a secret, marginal, "intangible, anonymous society among women; the strange vegetal whisper that emanates from the meditations of Lotus de Paini... It is useless to continue, this nostalgia is out of place. Besides, I cannot yet bring myself to examine why and how neo-feminism manages to slip history into a woman's sex like a rabbit into a top hat. I rise up to see Paris advancing in the clarity of the dawn. Still twilit women slip between the lawns of young lights. Distant and immediate they move, having no memory beyond their silent childhood, which carries of the wake of mirrors toward the high sea of their love. Having come back with the day, the night appears behind the portholes of their mauve, beige, purple or black lips. Their hair surges over the city, revealing and submerging their small mother-of-pearl skulls in order to protect them from becoming the target of "a knife without a blade that lacks a handle." I am referring to the rhetorical aggression against women's lives that permits this aggression: I am referring to the ideological terrorism of femellitude.